**I am unclear what the assignment is here, and I will adjust accordingly upon clarification**
What are the reasons for the seasons?
The earth is stationed on an axis. that means that it is tilted on its side. As the earth makes it journey around the sun each year where the earth is situated determines how much sunlight reaches the earths surface. How much light it gets determines what season it is. That explains temperature change as well as the length of daylight from season to season. When the earth is tilted towards the sun it is summer, when it is winter the earth is tilted away. The hemispheres make a difference as well. generally those areas located closer to the equator do not get as much of a dramatic change because the equator stays in relatively the same distance from the sun no matter the axis tilt.
How are phases of the moon created?
The phase of the moon is affected by the moons position around the earth. the light on the moon is a reflection from the sun. That's why at different times more of the moon is visible than other times. It takes about a month for the moon to orbit around the earth.
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